The Saturday Review Redo:
Discussions on Diversity 50 Years Later
"Bigger Megaphones":
Large Media Sources Add to the Roar
Kelly Jensen of BookRiot posted an article on April 15 2014 titled "We Need Bigger Megaphones for Diversity in Kid Lit." Jensen is most directly addressing authors and personalities who have large followings and powerful voices to serve as a "bigger megaphone" for the voices that aren't often heard as clearly, to take up their stories and disperse them through retweets, reblogs, and other online "shares." But she also includes in her description of these megaphones any person or platform with the power to amplify these voices: "It’s pointed equally toward librarians, toward booksellers, toward major media outlets, and to anyone with a position to say something."
Part of this amplification in the days following Myers's and Myers's New York Times articles is, I feel, the role certain large media sources and sites played in echoing the sounding roar for diversity in children's and young adult literature. Articles have since shown up in CNN, Entertainment Weekly, Huffington Post, and even Buzzfeed. Each of these sources reaches large audiences who might not otherwise keep up with author or publishing blogs where diversity in children's literature is most often discussed. These new spaces for the discussion helped to keep the conversation going and growing in ways that it might not have if relegated to smaller, niche locations.
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Click the link to go to see Jensen's full article from Entertainment Weekly. , published April 15 2014.
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The above illustration comes from the published article.
Perhaps the most surprising (to me, at least) source to participate was Entertainment Weekly through the article "Kid Lit's Primary Color: White--Report" by Nina Terrero. Terrero begins her article by reiterating the CCBC report numbers on inequalities in publishing diversity for people of color similar to Myers and Myers. After discussing this lack of books she reports two possible culprits: sales and publishers. Citing quotes from book execs. and publishers, she points to the belief that books with protagonists of color won't sell. She quotes one unnamed exec. saying, "If we thought there was a demand for more nonwhite characters, we would try to fill it." She then moves on to the structure of publishing houses as they are predominantly white males and the role they take in perpetuating the divide by failing to seek out talented authors of color as well as their general apathy towards the issue. Terrero isn't the first person to describe publishers as the problem (for more on this, see my page on publishers). Christopher Myers addresses this often gestured towards "villain" of diversity in children's lit in his article saying, "The Market, I am told, just doesn't demand this kind of book, doesn't want book covers to look this or that way, and so the representative from (insert major bookselling company here) has asked that we have only text on the book cover because white kids won't buy a book with a black kid on the cover--or so The Market says, despite millions of music albums that are sold in just that way."
But despite the many voices who have asked that publishing step up and do its part to help, the problem hasn't gotten any better. Perhaps, as Jensen has addressed, it's because we've needed "bigger megaphones" to get the message across to a larger public, to make the publishing companies realize that the general public does care (or, at the very least, to show them that the general public will talk with their money by buying diverse books or refusing to buy the same books over and over again). In this instance, Terrero's piece does augment the message. This megaphone might even be getting some of the voices heard as it makes small changes, such as ReedPOP's attempt to rectify its all white/male panel for their Bookcon's panel of the best children's lit authors (read Claire Kirch's piece in Publishers Weekly about this here). But just in case that's not enough, C. Myers addresses a wider audience to take responsibility at the end of his article: "The rest of the work lies in the imagination of everyone else [other than the authors who write the books] along the way, the publishers, librarians, teachers, parents, and all of us, to put that book in [the young reader's] hands." Instead of solely blaming the publishers--who, no doubt, are at fault--the public needs to change their minds and show them this matters. We need to be proactive and support the growth of these books in the market.
In addition to Terrero and Entertainment Weekly, Ashly Strickland of CNN wrote a piece titled "Where's the African-American Harry Potter or the Mexican Katniss?" taking its title from her interview with YA author Matt de la Pena. The article includes interviews with many YA authors of color speaking out about what they'd like to see in YA literature, and the unifying thread of their answers is more diversity in book protagonists. Like Walter Dean Myers mentions in his NY Times article, de la Pena describes the powerful impact finding reflective characters in books had on his life and stresses the need to provide more children with these same reflection. What I find a particular strength of the article is its dependence on reporting quotations and ideas from authors of color who were interviewed for the piece--Sharon Draper, Sherman Alexie, Eric Gansworth, Malinda Lo, and Cindy Pon just to name a few. The author even promotes and links back to Lo and Pon's website Diversity in YA (see my page on authors and social media for more on this). In this way, Strickland uses the CNN platform to provide the chance for voices--that have been speaking about this topic for a long, long time--to be heard a little more. (Alexie and scholar/author Debbie Reese also discuss publishing as a challenge in this article which can be found more on my page on publishers.)
Sumayyah Daud of YA Highway writes of the importance of hearing these voices and not just appropriating their ideas: "There’s a group of us. We’re either whispering quietly because we don’t want to upset anyone, or we’re just out of your sight so you can’t really hear us. And then, all of a sudden, somehow you hear us or someone leaves the group and tells you or someone voices their frustrations to you. And instead of listening, or providing them a space to boost that voice so people in other rooms will hear them, you walk back to their private room and start shouting. And people in other rooms hear you and they say ‘wow this is so great I’ve never thought of this before’ and they keep passing it on.But we’ve been having this conversation the entire time." These words should remind us that while these bigger megaphones are important to spread the messages farther, we need to remember that this isn't a new topic and work to augment those voices who have been speaking on it if we ever really want to change this problem, one that is based not just on simple, fixable issue but on a systemic problem with equal rights and representations.
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Click the link to read Bookey's full article from Huffington Post, published April 1, 2014.
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The above logo is for Bookey and her husband/co-founder Frank Lloyd's website Zoobeans which can found at a this link here.
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Click the link to read Strickland's full article from CNN, published April 9, 2014.
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The above photography taken by JC Tagata, used with permission, originally published on his tumblr page found here.
Huffington Post also ran a post titled "When Values Collide with Buisness: Ethnicity in Children's Books" written by Jordan Lloyd Bookey, co-founder of Zoobean (a personalized service that curates apps and books for children). Bookey starts her article by reflecting on Myers's and Myers's previously published articles. While providing children with cultural reflections is fundamentally important to her as a business owner, she despaired over the difficulty that these low publishing numbers caused in being able to provide good texts with specific ethnicities. "For those who chose other ethnicities, we kept running out of great choices," she explained, and reiterates both C. Myers's and Nancy Larrick's points about limited storylines and types for children of color: "If parents were okay with most books about African-Americans being 'serious,' we might be in business, but most families want to read about ninjas, ballerinas, trains and creatues." Why must these topics be exclusive of characters of color? (Admittedly, there are books featuring protagonists of color that focus on these topics specifically, but Bookey's purpose is to emphasize the limited number of books in comparison to those that feature white characters and the disproportionate number of books that emphasize history and struggles as the single story of characters of color instead of adventure and magic.)
Even Buzzfeed got in on the discussion, publishing Daniel Jose Older's article "Diversity Is Not Enough: Race, Power, Publishing." While not normally as serious a media outlet as the above mentioned sources, Buzzfeed has a vast audience that frequently shares its articles on various social media sites--the company even describes itself by this shareability saying it "provides the most shareable breaking news...across the social web." (For more, see my page on social media's role in this discussion.)
Older's piece is unique from the other large media source articles also due to his explicit addressing of the issue not just as the "comfortably intangible" market described by C. Myers in his article but as the systemic racism of the process hinted at in the Daud's link above. Speaking of the difficulties faced by writers of color as they attempt to "navigate the impossible waters of an unwelcoming industry," Older explains, "Of course, we have climbed many mountains, and mastery of craft is not a luxury for writers of color, it is a necessity. But many of our gifts and challenges won’t be seen or recognized within a white cultural context. Nuances of codeswitching, racial microaggressions, the emotional reality of surviving white supremacy, self-translation – these are all layers of the non-white experience that rarely make it into mainstream literature, even when the characters look like us." These are the elements that make publishers--namely, the majority of white publishers in positions of power--feel uncomfortable. Really, it's no secret that the discussion of race in general today makes many people uncomfortable (see Jim McCarthy of Dystel & Goderich Literary Management's blog post titled "The R World" on this very topic of discomfort).
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Click the link to read Older's full article from Buzzfeed, published on April 17, 2014.
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Above image by Julie Dillon and taken from original article publication.
But without discussing what lies at the core of this issue we'll never find a solution, and that means some heavier discussions on race in the U.S. Older doesn't tiptoe around this topic, and while his piece specificaly implicates publishers in the battle for diversity, he also describes what more must be dealt with before we can even address publishing: "Diversity is not enough. We’re right to push for diversity, we have to, but it is only step one of a long journey. Lack of racial diversity is a symptom. The underlying illness is institutional racism. It walks hand in hand with sexism, cissexism, homophobia, and classism. To go beyond this same conversation we keep having, again and again, beyond tokens and quick fixes, requires us to look the illness in the face and destroy it. This is work for white people and people of color to do, sometimes together, sometimes apart. It’s work for writers, agents, editors, artists, fans, executives, interns, directors, and publicists. It’s work for reviewers, educators, administrators. It means taking courageous, real-world steps, not just changing mission statements or submissions guidelines." Diversity isn't enough; discussion isn't enough. But change must start with discussion--START, but not stop. In a series of tweets posted by Mike Jung, he sums up a point made by Nikki Grimes in a speech he'd attended: "Nikki Grimes said we're working to make a vast paradigm shift, which is not easy to do. The dialogue is important; the work, even more so."